“秋风萧瑟天气凉,草木摇落露为霜,群燕辞归鹄南翔。”《中国天文年历》显示,10月23日18时36分迎来2022年“霜降”节气。
天象预报
霜降——立冬
太阳
从室女座运行至天秤座。10月25日,今年第二场日偏食将在天空上演,中国西部可见带食日落的美景。
月亮
11月1日上弦月,傍晚可见半圆形的月球恰好位于南方。
水星
晨星,由室女座顺行至天秤座,与太阳的角距离持续减小,观测条件逐渐变差。10月24日水星合月,在北美洲、南美洲北部发生白昼月掩水星。
金星
由室女座顺行至天秤座。金星位于太阳附近,不可见。
火星
位于金牛座,10月30日火星留,之后由顺行转为逆行。夜晚8时左右升起,黎明前都可以观测。
木星
在双鱼座逆行。傍晚,明亮的木星位于东方夜空,黎明前从西方落下。
土星
在摩羯座顺行。入夜位于南方天空,前半夜可以观测。
小知识
10月25日,一场日偏食将在格陵兰岛东部、欧洲(除极西南部)、非洲东北部、亚洲西部、印度洋西北部等地上演,日偏食最大食分0.862,我国西部地区可见不同食分的带食日落景象。
日食总是发生在朔日,并且月球位于白道与黄道的交点附近时才会发生。此时月球在地球和太阳之间,当它们接近同一直线,月球的影子会投射到地球表面,遮挡住照射到地面的太阳光,从而发生日食。地球上,一年最少有2次日食,最多一年可以有5次日食。
由于月球绕地球轨道是椭圆,月地之间的距离时远时近,地球进入月影的深浅程度不同,使我们可以看到三种基本类型的日食:日全食、日环食、日偏食。
如果月球距离地球近,月球的视直径比太阳大,月球本影会投射到地球表面,人们就可以看到日全食。月球投在地球上的本影最大直径仅268公里,会自西向东在地球表面扫过,扫过的地区才会看到日全食,所以每次日全食,地球上仅有少部分地区的人可以看到。若月球距离地球较远,月球的视直径比太阳小,只有伪本影投射到地球上,人们看到的就是日环食,日环食的可见范围同样非常狭小。处在月球半影区域的人们会看到太阳被部分遮挡,这就是日偏食,日偏食的可见范围相对要大得多。
The Frost's Descent
The eighteenth solar term of 2022 , Frost's Descent(Shuangjiang in Chinese), falls on October 23rd at 18:36, when the longitude of the sun reaches 210º. Frost's Descent is the last solar term in autumn. In October, fields in the southern of the country are ready to harvest, while harvesting in the north is almost over. The weather turns cold, ready for storage in winter.
Astronomical Forecast
Frost's Descent ✦ Beginning of Winter
⊙
The Sun
✦
The sun travels from Virgo to Libra. The second partial solar eclipse of the year occurs on October 25th. Sunset with an eclipse can be seen in western China.
☽
The Moon
✦
On November 1st, the moon reaches its first quarter. A semicircular moon can be seen right in the south at dusk.
☿
Mercury
✦
Mercury is a "morning star" at present. It ravels in prograde motion from Virgo to Libra. Its angular distance from the sun continues to decrease and it becomes more difficult to observe. On October 24th, Mercury is at conjunction with the Moon. In North America and the northern part of South America, a lunar occultation of Mercury occurs during the day.
♀
Venus
✦
Venus travels in prograde motion from Virgo to Libra. It is near the sun and thus invisible.
♂
Mars
✦
Mars is in Taurus. It is stationary on October 30th, turning from prograde motion to retrograde motion afterwards. Mars rises around 8 o'clock in the evening and can be observed before dawn.
♃
Jupiter
✦
Jupiter travels in retrograde motion in Pisces. At dusk, the bright Jupiter appears in the eastern sky. It falls in the western sky before dawn.
♄
Saturn
✦
Saturn travels in prograde motion in Capricornus. In the evening, it appears in the southern sky and can be observed in the earlier portion of the night.
轮值主编:李国亮
制作、编辑:王科超
英文版设计:朱曼清
(金陵中学)ZHU manqing