陪伴孩子成长的修行路必备手册

这是达医晓护的第2183篇文章

上一篇我们介绍了宝宝从七月龄到九月龄各阶段发育的科普。本次的主题是十到十二月龄的正常发育轨迹，如何促进宝宝的发育，以及在什么情况下需要引起重视去看医生。

10月龄宝宝会做些什么?

当宝宝快要学会说出他的第一句有意义的话时，你会听到很多他的咿咿呀呀。他甚至可以快要说出“爸爸”或“妈妈”，知道这些词的意思。如果他是一个说话早的孩子，他可能已经会开始使用1-2个词了。但如果你的宝宝还没说话，别担心，她还会用肢体语言和你交流，发出各种声音引起你的注意力，让你知道她想要什么。

当你说“不”或挥手告别时，你的宝宝也会明白意思。当他听到叫自己的名字或其他声音，比如门铃，他就会转向声源。当听到你说出他熟悉的东西的名字时，他可能会去找，甚至可能会回应你说“过来”的指令。

在过去的几个月里，宝宝已经会表现出谨慎小心和不安恐惧等情绪。如果她和你分开或怕生，你可能会看到这些情绪的表现。

在这个阶段，宝宝仍然喜欢玩躲猫猫和把东西敲来敲去，看书中的图片，寻找被藏起来的玩具。在运动方面，你的宝宝会爬行和扶站，也可能会牵着你的手或扶着一些家具学走路，甚至可能会开始是自己迈步。

在这个年龄，你的宝宝也许还会做到：

能听从非常简单的指令，例如，“挥手再见”

会用食指去戳东西

用拇指和食指一起拿起东西

从杯子里喝水

尝试自己握着勺子自己吃饭。

Age 10 months

Babbling, babbling, babbling – you’ll hear lots of this from your baby as he gets closer to saying his first meaningful words, ‘dada’ or ‘mama’ and knows what these words mean. If he’s an early talker, he might be using 1-2 words already. But if your baby isn’t talking yet, don’t worry – she’ll still use body language to communicate with you, make noises to get your attention, and let you know what she wants.

Your baby will also understand when you say ‘no’ or wave goodbye. And he’ll turn when he hears his name or another sound, like a doorbell. He might look for familiar objects when you name them and even respond to ‘Come here’.

Over the past few months your baby has learned to show emotions like caution and fear. You might see these emotions if she’s worried about strangers or about being apart from you.

Around this age, your baby still enjoys playing peekaboo and banging things together, looking at pictures in a book and finding hidden toys. Your baby can crawl and stand up with support – for example, by holding your hand or the furniture. He might walk by holding on to your hands or some furniture, and might even be walking on his own.

At this age your baby might also:

follow a very simple instruction – for example, ‘Wave bye bye’

poke things using her pointer finger

pick up things using her thumb and pointer finger together

drink from a cup you hold for her

try to hold a spoon when she’s eating by herself.

11月龄宝宝会做些什么?

在这个年龄，你的宝宝开始对交谈很感兴趣。你会听到宝宝说的第一个单词。她仍在咿咿呀呀地学说话，但可能会试着说出一两个她知道意思的单词，尤其是“爸爸”或“妈妈”。但如果你的宝宝还没开始说话，别担心，他会用肢体语言跟你交流，比如挥手和用小手指指点点。当他听到“不”的时候，他也会停止正在做的事情。当你给孩子唱歌时，她可能会和你一起唱。她也喜欢看书中的图片，而且喜欢和你一起看书。

在过去的几个月里，你的宝宝学会了表现出小心谨慎和恐惧不安等情绪。但目前在有陌生人的场合，他没那么局促不安了，怕生的表现也比以前减少。他也会比以前更意识到自己的需要，能让你知道他想要什么。

你的宝宝喜欢去找藏起来的东西，比如，一个藏在杯子下面的玩具。她也喜欢你演示操作——例如，如何给容器盖上盖子。她会伸手去抓东西并使用它们，甚至可能把它们扔掉！你的宝宝可能需要帮助才能站着，但他可能会试着自己站几秒钟。如果他能抓住家具，或者拉着你的手，他会比较自如地四处走动。但有时他也会想尝试在没有你帮助的情况下自己走路。

在这个年龄，你的宝宝也许还会做到：

随着音乐节奏扭动身体

学着重复简单的声音

给她穿衣服会比之前配合

可以轻松地用拇指和食指拿起东西

Age 11 months

Your baby is very interested in conversations. You’ll often hear baby’s first word around this age. She’s still mainly babbling but might try out one or two words she knows the meaning of, especially ‘dada’ or ‘mama’. But if your baby isn’t talking yet, don’t worry – he’ll communicate with you using body language like waving and pointing. He’ll also stop what he’s doing when he hears ‘no’. When you sing with your baby, she might join in. She also enjoys looking at pictures in books and loves reading with you.

Over the past few months your baby has learned to show emotions like caution and fear. But now he might start to feel more comfortable around strangers and show fewer signs of stranger anxiety than he used to. He’s also more aware of his own needs, and can let you know what he wants.

Your baby loves finding hidden objects – for example, a toy hidden under a cup. She also likes it when you show her how things work – for example, how to put a lid on a container. And she’s reaching out and grabbing things, using them and maybe even throwing them! Your baby will probably need help to stand, but he might try standing on his own for a few seconds. He’s more comfortable walking around if he can hold onto furniture or he might want to hold your hand. But sometimes he wants to try walking on his own without your help.

At this age your baby might also:

bounce to music

copy simple sounds

cooperate more when she’s getting dressed

easily pick things up using her thumb and pointer finger.

12月龄宝宝会做些什么?

恭喜你，宝宝快满12个月了！在过去的一年里有了这么大进步，宝宝你实在是太厉害了！

你的宝宝现在会用很多方式进行交流——指指点点、叽里咕噜、点头、挥手，并且还经常会想和你说话。她的唠叨听起来像是和你在交谈，她可能会说几个简单的她能理解的单词，比如“爸爸”和“妈妈”。在过去的几个月里，你的宝宝学会了表现出小心谨慎和恐惧不安等情绪。他也会比以前更意识到自己的需要，并能让你知道他想要什么。

玩耍对宝宝的成长很重要，因为这是他学习的过程方式。你的宝宝可能会观察，摇晃，敲击，扔掷，以及用手戳不同的物体。她喜欢和你一起玩和游戏，可能会开始向你展示她正在玩的东西——例如，玩具或洋娃娃。你的宝宝越来越自如地使用手和手指，而且还可能会用手指自己抓饭吃。

你的宝宝会自己扶着家具站起来，或者也有可能她自己已经可以独站。在这段时间，她可能会独自迈出第一步，甚至可能会做到自己独立行走。不过，走路对她来说有点很累，所以有时她可能会爬来替代走路。

在这个年龄，你的宝宝也许还会做到：

随着音乐节奏扭动身体

给他穿衣服会比之前配合

能遵从简单的指令，比如“把积木给我”或“把小火车放下来”等指示

开始将单词与其含义联系起来——比如，当你说“球”或“泰迪熊”时，他可能会四处看去寻找这些东西

Age 12 months

Congratulations! Your baby will soon be 12 months old! It’s amazing how much your baby has developed in the last year!

Your baby is now communicating in many ways – pointing, grunting, nodding, waving and often trying to talk to you too. Her babbling sounds more like a conversation, and she might say a couple of single words she understands, like ‘dada’ and ‘mama’. Over the past few months your baby has learned to show emotions like caution and fear. He might also be more aware of his own needs and can let you know what he wants.

Play is important, because it’s how your baby learns. Your baby might look at, shake, bang, throw, and poke different objects. She enjoys playing with you and might start showing you things she’s playing with – for example, a toy or doll. Your baby is getting better at using his hands and fingers and will probably use his fingers to feed himself at most meals.

Your baby might pull herself up to stand by holding onto furniture, or she might even stand well by herself. Around now, she might take her first steps on her own or could even be walking by herself. Walking is tiring for her, though, so sometimes she might crawl instead.

At this age your baby might also:

bounce to music

cooperate more when he’s getting dressed

follow instructions like ‘Give me the block’ or ‘Put the train down’

start to link words with their meanings – for example, when you say ‘ball’ or ‘teddy’, he might look around for these things.

如何促进10到12月龄宝宝的发育？

1.与宝宝交谈

这个年龄的宝宝开始对交谈很感兴趣，和她说你每天的日常和正在做的事情等会有助于她理解单词的含义。所以，记住，和宝宝说话，越多越好！

2.倾听并回应宝宝的牙牙学语

这样可以将培养宝宝的语言、沟通和以后的读写识字能力，让他感到“被倾听”、被爱和被重视。重要的是用你自己温暖和充满爱的方式说话或发出声音来回应。让孩子感受到说话有意义，可以通过倾听并回答她说的“爸爸”、“妈妈”和其他单词。这样会鼓励双向对话交流，并培养宝宝的沟通能力。

3.陪宝宝一起玩

陪宝宝一起玩耍能让他感到被爱和安全感。唱歌、玩躲猫猫、摇铃铛、藏玩具，一起发出有趣的声音或动物的声音。当宝宝12个月时， 就可以给孩子准备一些能帮助激发想象力和创造力的玩具，比如积木和纸板箱。和孩子一起玩涂涂画画也很美好—但要准备好家里乱七八糟！也可以带着宝宝在户外玩。

4.陪宝宝一起阅读

一起看书，一起谈论书中的图片，给他讲故事，唱歌和背诵童谣，培养宝宝的说话能力和想象力。这些活动也有助于她理解语言，并随着年龄的增长学会阅读。

5.鼓励宝宝多活动

活动和探索帮助您的宝宝建立肌肉力量，以便于进行更复杂的运动，比如拉起站立和行走。在宝宝爬行的时候，你可以试着趴在地板上和他一起爬，或者玩你追我逃的游戏。

6.给宝宝吃健康的食物

他可能会喜欢吃手指食物，这有利于培养他良好的精细运动技能。另外，要注意确保宝宝在吃饭的时候坐着，防止窒息。

7.布置安全的居家环境

布置安全的居家环境,让孩子可以四处活动，避免意外伤害。

Helping baby development at 10-12 months

1.Talk to your baby:

Your baby is interested in conversation, so talking about everyday things like what you’re doing will help her understand what words mean. The more talk, the better!

2.Listen and respond to your baby’s babbling:

This will build his language, communication and literacy skills, and make him feel ‘heard’, loved and valued. It’s important to respond by talking or making sounds in your own warm and loving way. Respond to ‘dada’, ‘mama’ and other words: give meaning to your child’s talking by listening and talking back to her. This encourages two-way conversation and builds your baby’s communication skills.

3.Play together:

This helps your baby feel loved and secure. Sing songs, play peekaboo, ring bells, hide toys and make funny sounds or animal noises together. When 12m, give your child toys that encourage imagination and creativity, like blocks and cardboard boxes. Paints are also fun – but be prepared for some mess! Or try playing outdoors.

4.Read together:

Reading books together, talking about the pictures in books, telling stories, singing songs and reciting nursery rhymes develop your baby’s talking and imagination. These activities also help her to understand language and learn to read as she gets older.

5.Encourage moving:

Moving and exploring help your baby build muscle strength for more complex movements like pulling to stand and walking. If your baby is crawling, you could try getting down on the floor and crawling around with him, or playing a game of chasey.

6.Feed your baby healthy food:

He’ll probably love finger food, which is also good for developing his fine motor skills. Make sure your baby sits while he’s eating – this can help to prevent choking.

7.Make your home safe so your baby can move about without getting hurt

在什么情况下需要引起重视去看医生

如果观察10-12月龄的宝宝有以下的情况或者有你担心的情况，需要带上Ta去看医生。

视觉，听觉和交流

和你没有眼神接触交流，不会追视移动的物体，或者眼睛有斜视

没有咿呀学语

对声音没反应，有声响或说话声音时不会把头转向声源

叫她名字或听到的声音没有回应，对微笑和其他面部表情没有回应。

不会通过肢体语言、声音或语言来让你知道他的需求

不会用手指物体或图片，也不会用挥手等手势。

行为

不会表现出快乐或是悲伤的情绪

运动发育

不会独坐

不会爬行

使用一只手的要比另一只多得多。

Red flags by age 10 to 12 months:

See your child and family health nurse or GP if you have any concerns or notice that your seven to nine-month-old is having any of the following issues.

Seeing, hearing and communicating

·isn’t making eye contact with you, isn’t following moving objects with her eyes or has an eye that is turned in or out most of the time

·isn’t babbling

·isn’t interested in sounds, isn’t turning her head towards sounds or voices

·doesn’t respond to your voice or to her name when called, doesn’t respond to smile and other facial expressions.

·isn’t trying to let you know what he wants using body language, sounds or words

·isn’t pointing to objects or pictures, or using gestures like waving.

Behaviour

·Your child isn’t showing emotions like happiness or sadness.

Movement

·can’t sit on her own

·isn’t crawling

uses one hand a lot more than the other

作者：澳大利亚墨尔本大学医学院儿科博士

百汇医疗（中国）儿科医师

蒋本然